Mosquito Season: Expert Tips to Lower West Nile Virus Risk

With human cases of West Nile virus being reported across the United States, experts are reminding the public that mosquito season is far from over. Catherine Hill, head of the Department of Entomology at Purdue University's College of Agriculture, says mosquitoes are typically active from spring through fall, with warmer temperatures accelerating their life cycle and increasing their numbers.

West Nile virus is the most common mosquito-borne disease in the U.S., and while only about 10% of the 3,000 to 4,000 mosquito species worldwide can transmit diseases to humans, the consequences can be serious. Other mosquito-borne illnesses in the U.S. include Saint Louis encephalitis, La Crosse encephalitis, and eastern equine encephalitis, all of which can have severe health impacts.

Hill recommends a multi-layered approach to reduce risk. First, know your local mosquito species and their activity patterns—some bite during the day, others in the evening. If possible, avoid being outdoors during peak activity times. When going outside, wear protective clothing and use an Environmental Protection Agency-approved repellent.

Equally important is eliminating standing water around your property, which serves as a breeding ground for mosquitoes. Hill suggests walking your property to check for water in dog bowls, potted plants, birdbaths, and gutters, and turning over or flushing out any containers that hold water. Also, ensure window and door screens are intact to keep mosquitoes out of your home.

If you are bitten, wash the area, avoid scratching to prevent secondary infections, and apply an anti-itch cream. Monitor yourself for 10 to 14 days for symptoms such as headache, fever, rash, muscle aches, or a general feeling of being unwell. If these symptoms appear after a known mosquito bite, consult a medical provider promptly.