Uganda Communities Plant Trees to Ease Pressure on Bwindi Gorilla Habitat

In the dense greenery of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda, mountain gorillas go about their days among the leaves as tourists trek into the forest to see them. Many of the gorilla families are accustomed to human visitors, but while their numbers have grown, the forest available to them has not.

To ease that pressure, communities living along the park's edge have planted trees for medicine, firewood and crafts. The aim is straightforward: if residents can obtain the trees they need outside the park, they will have less reason to cut them inside the forest.

Bwindi's forest shelters about 450 mountain gorillas, close to half of the world's remaining population. A 2018 survey put the global population above 1,000, a notable recovery for a subspecies that once faced the possibility of extinction.

"Being a neighbor to the park, I understand that the number of gorillas is increasing, but the forest habitat is not increasing," said Christina Katushabe, founder of Change a Life Bwindi.

Her organization provides useful trees and works to restore degraded land while improving biodiversity. Katushabe said members of the Batwa, an Indigenous community that has helped guide the project, select species used for medicine, timber and firewood.

The Uganda Wildlife Authority distributes seedlings, including medicinal trees that people might otherwise seek inside the park. Joseph Muhindo, an assistant tourism and hospitality officer with the authority, said residents can harvest what they need in their communities "without tampering with the habitat for the gorillas."

The International Union for Conservation of Nature classifies mountain gorillas as endangered, an improvement from their earlier designation as critically endangered. Tourism has helped support that recovery, with visitors trekking through the forest to observe habituated gorilla families, generating jobs and revenue for nearby communities. Residents also sell locally made crafts.

Eunice Owembabazi, a member of a women's crafts group, said the tree planting near the park means "we people and the gorillas do not inconvenience each other."

The campaign has reached nearby schools, where students plant trees their families will be able to use. "Now we are going to protect the forest, so that our gorillas can stay well," said Davis Musinguzi, a student at Ruhijja Seed Secondary School.

The tree planting was among community conservation activities organized to mark World Gorilla Day, observed each year on Sept. 24.